An innovative laser treatment to prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) promises to save the sight of millions worldwide, according to British experts. The new procedure, which is still under trial, can be performed by any ophthalmologist in 15 minutes or less. While the procedure does not cure AMD, it is said to stop its onset.
AMD, which is one of the most prevalent causes of blindness, is brought on by degeneration of an area about 5mm in diameter at the center of the retina. Its victims can neither read nor drive, making independent living difficult. In the United States, AMD affects over 1.75 million people, and by the year 2020 that number will increase to 3 million due to the aging of our population.
The new laser technique is non-invasive, and works by revitalizing or “energizing” cells in a thin layer at the back of the eye behind the retina called “Bruch’s membrane.” The cells in this membrane provide the light-sensitive retina with nutrients, and also remove waste products. With age their ability to remove wastes declines. A laser modified to give pulses of light stimulates the aging cells without harming the retina or causing dangerous heating, and the cells once again begin to clean up wastes.
The 15-minute “wonder technique” was developed by Professor John Marshall at King’s College London, who also pioneered laser surgery for nearsightedness. As part of a second trial, Marshall will treat several hundred people who already have AMD in one eye. Those who have the disease in one eye usually get AMD in the other within a few years. He will treat the healthy eye to see if the laser prevents it from developing AMD also. “If you can delay the onset by three, four, six, seven or ten years, it’s proof of the principle,” Marshall told the Daily Mail. “It is really exciting news. It won’t bring back damaged eyesight but it may prevent AMD.”
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