Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid doesn’t make sufficient amounts of hormone, which can lead to infertility in both males and females. An underactive thyroid also can slow down body processes such as metabolism and energy production.
According to WebMD, people with hypothyroidism often experience fatigue, depression, constipation, dry hair and hair loss, dry skin, slow heart rate, sensitivity to cold, unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight, thyroid gland enlargement or goiter, changes in menstruation, and/or carpal tunnel syndrome.
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In females, hypothyroidism can disrupt sex hormones and ovulation, which can
lead to infertility, says the National Institutes of Health. Normal thyroid function is necessary for fertility, conception, and maintaining a healthy pregnancy.
WebMD explains that primary hypothyroidism is caused by a malfunctioning thyroid gland. A female can also suffer from secondary hypothyroidism, which originates in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. Normally, these two glands produce hormones that cause the release of thyroid hormones. However, when one of these two glands malfunctions, the thyroid becomes underactive.
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In males, hypothyroidism can lead to an excess of prolactin production in the pituitary gland. In females, prolactin produces breast milk after childbirth. In males, small amounts are normal,
the Houston Chronicle reports, but hypothyroidism can produce large amounts of prolactin, which can lower testosterone and decrease sperm production, leading to infertility.
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed through blood tests and treated with a synthetic form of thyroid hormone if the T4 thyroid hormone level is low, says WebMD.
If it's caused by
hypothyroidism, infertility can be corrected, according to Natural Fertility Info. Fertility and conception, as well as a successful and healthy pregnancy, rely on normal thyroid function. If pregnancy does occur, then continued thyroid health and regular thyroid function monitoring are required to facilitate proper development and birth.
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